Kaituhi:梧桐
E ai ki te Bluetooth SIG, kua tukuna te putanga Bluetooth 5.4, e kawe mai ana i tētahi paerewa hou mō ngā tohu utu hiko. E mārama ana mā te whakahoutanga o ngā hangarau e pā ana, i tētahi taha, ka taea te whakawhānui ake i te tohu utu i roto i te whatunga kotahi ki te 32640, i tētahi atu taha, ka taea e te kuwaha te whakatutuki i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rua-ara me te tohu utu.
Nā ngā purongo nei anō hoki i hiahia ai te iwi ki ētahi pātai: He aha ngā auahatanga hangarau o te Nihokikorangi hou? He aha te pānga ki te whakamahinga o ngā tohu utu hiko? Ka huri rānei i te tauira ahumahi o nāianei? Muri iho, ka matapakihia e tēnei pepa ngā take o runga ake nei, arā, te ia whanaketanga ā-muri o ngā tohu utu hiko.
Kia mōhio anō ki te tohu utu hiko
He taputapu whakaatu utu hiko, he taputapu whakaatu LCD me te pepa hiko e mahi ana ki te tuku me te whiwhi mōhiohio, mā te whakawhitiwhiti ahokore hei whakatutuki i te huringa mōhiohio utu. Nā te mea ka taea te whakakapi i te utu tuku iho, me te iti o te whakamahinga hiko (ka taea e te utu hiko mata waituhi me ngā pākahiko pātene e rua te whakatutuki i te neke atu i te 5 tau te roa), he mea pai ki te nuinga o ngā kaihanga hokohoko. I tēnei wā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā waitohu hokohoko pakihi rongonui o te kāinga me te ao pēnei i a Wal-Mart, Yonghui, Hema Fresh, Mi home me ētahi atu.
Ehara i te mea he tohu noa iho te tohu utu hiko, engari he pūnaha katoa kei muri. I te nuinga o te wā, e whā ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha tohu utu hiko: te tohu utu hiko (ESL), te teihana turanga ahokore (ESLAP), te pūnaha SaaS tohu utu hiko me te taunga ringaringa (PDA).
Ko te kaupapa whakahaere o te pūnaha ko: te tukutahi i ngā mōhiohio hua me ngā mōhiohio utu i runga i te tūāpapa kapua SaaS, ka tukuna ngā mōhiohio ki te tohu utu hiko mā te teihana turanga ESL. Whai muri i te whiwhinga o ngā mōhiohio, ka taea e te tohu utu te whakaatu i ngā mōhiohio hua taketake pēnei i te ingoa, te utu, te takenga mai me ngā whakatakotoranga i te wā tūturu. Waihoki, ka taea hoki te whakarerekē i ngā mōhiohio hua tuimotu mā te matawai i te waehere hua mā te PDA waea pūkoro.
I roto i ēnei, ko te tuku kōrero e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore. I tēnei wā, e toru ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matua e whakamahia ana i runga i ngā tohu utu hiko: 433 MHz, tūmataiti 2.4GHz, Nihokikorangi, ā, he painga me he ngoikoretanga tō ia o ngā kawa e toru.
Nō reira, ko te Nihokikorangi tētahi o ngā kawa paerewa, engari i te mākete, he rite tonu te whakamahinga o te Nihokikorangi me te kawa tūmataiti 2.4GHz. Engari ināianei, ehara i te mea uaua ki te kite i te utu hiko mō te whakatū paerewa hou, ko te hopu ake i te utu hiko o tēnei tono i te mākete.
He aha ngā mea hou o te paerewa Bluetooth ESL?
I tēnei wā, ko te whānuitanga o te taupoki o ngā teihana turanga ESL kei waenganui i te 30-40 mita, ā, ko te maha mōrahi o ngā tohu ka taea te whakauru kei waenganui i te 1000-5000. Engari e ai ki te Putanga Whakatakotoranga Matua Nihokikorangi hou 5.4, i raro i te tautoko a te hangarau hou, ka taea e te whatunga te hono i ngā taputapu ESL 32,640, hei tāpiri atu ki te whakatinanatanga o ngā taputapu ESL me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rua-ara o te kuwaha.
E rua ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki ngā tohu utu hiko e whakahoutia ana e te Bluetooth 5.4:
1. Pānuitanga Ā-Wā me ngā Whakautu (PAwR, pānuitanga ā-wā me ngā whakautu)
Mā te PAwR ka taea te whakatinana i tētahi whatunga whetu me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rua-ara, he āhuatanga e whakanui ake ana i te kaha o ngā taputapu ESL ki te whiwhi raraunga me te whakautu ki te kaituku. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā taputapu ESL ki ngā rōpū maha, ā, he wāhitau motuhake tō ia taputapu ESL hei whakanui ake i ngā hononga me te whakahohe i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero takitahi-ki-te-kotahi me te takitahi-ki-te-maha.
I roto i te pikitia, ko AP te kaiwhakapāho PAwR; ko ESL he tohu utu hiko (nō ngā GRPS rerekē, me ngā id motuhake); ko te takahanga iti he takahanga iti; ko te mokamoka rsp te mokamoka whakautu. I roto i te pikitia, ko te rārangi whakapae pango ko te AP e tuku ana i ngā whakahau me ngā mōkihi ki te ESL, ā, ko te rārangi whakapae whero ko te ESL e whakautu ana, e whāngai ana ki te AP.
E ai ki te Bluetooth Core Specification Putanga 5.4, ka whakamahia e te ESL tētahi kaupapa wāhitau pūrere (rua) kei roto ko ngā ESL ID 8-moka me ngā rōpū ID 7-moka. Ā, he ahurei te ESL ID i roto i ngā rōpū rerekē. Nō reira, ka taea e te whatunga pūrere ESL te whakauru ki te 128 rōpū, ia rōpū ka taea te whakauru ki te 255 ngā pūrere ESL ahurei nō ngā mema o te rōpū. I roto i ngā kupu ngāwari, tera pea he 32,640 ngā pūrere ESL katoa i roto i te whatunga, ā, ka taea te whakahaere i ia tapanga mai i tētahi pūwāhi urunga kotahi.
2. Ngā Raraunga Pānuitanga Whakamuna (EAD, Ngā raraunga pāhotanga whakamuna)
Ko te EAD te nuinga o ngā mahi whakamuna raraunga pāho. I muri i te whakamunatanga o ngā raraunga pāho, ka taea te whiwhi e tetahi taputapu, engari ko te taputapu i tohatoha i te kī whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i mua ka taea anake te wetewete me te manatoko. Ko te painga nui o tēnei āhuatanga ko te huri o ngā ihirangi o ngā mōkihi pāho i te hurihanga o te wāhitau o te taputapu, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te aroturuki.
I runga i ngā āhuatanga e rua o te whakahoutanga i runga ake nei, ka nui ake te painga o te Nihokikorangi i roto i ngā tono tapanga hiko. Ina whakaritea ki te 433MHz me te 2.4GHz tūmataiti, kāore he paerewa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-ao e tika ana, he pai ake te whai huatanga, te pumau, me te haumarutanga, inā koa i runga i te haumarutanga, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te wetewete.
I te taenga mai o te paerewa hou, tera pea ka puta mai ētahi panonitanga i te umanga utu hiko, inā koa ko ngā kaihanga waeine whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā kaiwhakarato otinga i waenganui o te mekameka ahumahi. Mō ngā kaihanga o ngā otinga Nihokikorangi, he pātai hei whakaaroaro mēnā ka tautokona ngā whakahoutanga OTA o ngā hua kua hokona, me te tāpiri rānei i te Nihokikorangi 5.4 ki te raina hua hou. Ā, mō ngā kaihanga ehara i te kaupapa Nihokikorangi, he raruraru anō hoki mēnā ka huri i te kaupapa matua ki te whakamahi i te Nihokikorangi.
Engari anō, kei te pēhea te whanaketanga o te mākete utu hiko i ēnei rā, ā, he aha ngā uauatanga?
Te āhua o te whanaketanga me ngā uauatanga o te mākete utu hiko
I tēnei wā, mā te ahumahi whakarunga o te ao e pā ana ki ngā tukunga pepa hiko ka taea te mōhio, kua tino tipu haere te utu o ngā tukunga pepa hiko i ia tau.
E ai ki te Pūrongo Hauwhā o te Tātari Mākete ePaper o te Ao a Lotu, 190 miriona ngā waeine pepa-e i tukuna puta noa i te ao i ngā hauwhā tuatahi e toru o te tau 2022, he pikinga 20.5% mai i te wā kotahi o te tau kua hipa. Mō ngā hua pepa hiko, i eke te tukunga o ngā tapanga hiko o te ao i ngā hauwhā tuatahi e toru ki te 180 miriona ngā wahi, me te tipu tau-ki-te-tau o te 28.6%.
Engari kei te raru ngā tohu-e i te kimi uara piki haere. Nā te mea he roa te ora o ngā tapanga hiko, e 5-10 tau pea te roa hei whakakapi, nō reira kāore he whakakapinga taonga i roto i te wā roa, nō reira ka taea e tātou te rapu noa i te mākete piki haere. Heoi, ko te raruraru, he maha ngā kaihokohoko e mangere ana ki te huri ki ngā tohu utu hiko. "Kua mangere ētahi kaihokohoko ki te whakamahi i te hangarau ESL nā runga i ngā āwangawanga mō te raka o ngā kaihoko, te mahi tahi, te tauine me te kaha ki te tauine ki ētahi atu mahere hokohoko atamai," te kī a Andrew Zignani, te kaiwhakahaere Rangahau i ABI Research.
Waihoki, he raruraru nui anō hoki te utu. Ahakoa kua tino whakatikatikaina te utu o te tohu utu hiko hei whakaiti i te maha o ngā utu whakatakoto, e whakamahia ana tonutia ana e ngā hūperamākete nui pērā i a Walmart me Yonghui i roto i te mākete hokohoko. Mō ngā hūperamākete hapori iti, ngā toa hokomaha me ngā toa pukapuka, he tino teitei tonu tōna utu. Ā, he mea tika kia kīia ko ngā tohu utu hiko he whakaritenga noa iho mō ngā toa ehara i te mea nui.
Heoi anō, he tino māmā noa iho ngā whakamahinga o ngā tohu utu hiko i tēnei wā. I tēnei wā, e 90% o ngā tohu utu hiko e whakamahia ana i roto i te rāngai hokohoko, engari he iti iho i te 10% e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tari, i ngā ratonga hauora me ētahi atu āhuatanga. E whakapono ana a SES-imagotag, he kamupene nui i roto i te umanga tohu utu matihiko, kaua te tohu utu matihiko e waiho hei taputapu whakaatu utu noa iho, engari me noho hei whatunga iti o ngā raraunga whānui hei āwhina i ngā kaihoko ki te whakatau whakapaunga me te penapena i te wā me te utu o ngā kaitukumahi me ngā kaimahi.
Heoi anō, kei tua atu i ngā uauatanga he rongo pai anō hoki. Ko te tere o te urunga o ngā tohu utu hiko ki te mākete o roto he iti iho i te 10%, ko te tikanga he nui tonu te mākete hei whakamahi. I taua wā anō, me te arotautanga o te kaupapa here whakahaere mate urutā, he ia nui te whakaoranga o te kai, ā, kei te haere mai hoki te hokinga mai o te taha hokohoko, he whai wāhitanga pai hoki tēnei mō ngā tohu utu hiko ki te rapu tipu mākete. Heoi anō, he maha atu ngā kaitākaro i roto i te mekameka ahumahi e kaha ana ki te whakatakoto i ngā tohu utu hiko, kei te mahi tahi a Qualcomm me SES-imagotag ki ngā tohu utu hiko paerewa. I te heke mai, me te whakamahinga o te hangarau teitei me te ia o te paerewa, ka whai heke mai anō hoki ngā tohu utu hiko.
Te wā tuku: 21-Pepuere-2023