I roto i te pukapuka a te kaituhi Itari a Calvino "The Invisible City" kei reira tēnei rerenga kōrero: "He rite te tāone ki te moemoeā, ko ngā mea katoa e taea te whakaaro ka taea te moemoeā …..."
Hei hanganga ahurea nui o te tangata, kei roto i te tāone te wawata o te tangata mō tētahi oranga pai ake. Mō ngā mano tau, mai i a Plato ki a More, kua hiahia tonu te tangata ki te hanga i tētahi utopia. Nō reira, i roto i tētahi tikanga, ko te hanganga o ngā tāone atamai hou te mea e tata ana ki te noho o ngā wawata tangata mō tētahi oranga pai ake.
I ngā tau tata nei, i raro i te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā hanganga hou o Haina me te whakatupuranga hou o ngā hangarau mōhiohio pēnei i te Ipurangi o ngā Mea, kei te tere haere te hanganga o ngā tāone atamai, ā, ko te tāone moemoeā ka taea te rongo me te whakaaro, te whanake me te whai pāmahana kei te tupu haere tonu.
Ko te kaupapa tuarua nui rawa atu i te ao o te IoT: Ngā Tāone Atamai
Ko ngā tāone atamai me ngā kaupapa tāone atamai tētahi o ngā whakatinanatanga e tino kōrerohia ana, e whakatinanahia ana mā te huarahi whai take me te whakauru ki te Ipurangi o ngā Mea, raraunga me te hononga, mā te whakamahi i te huinga o ngā otinga me ētahi atu hangarau.
Ka tino piki haere ngā kaupapa tāone atamai i te mea ka haere tahi mai me te whakawhiti mai i ngā kaupapa tāone atamai rangitahi ki ngā tāone atamai tūturu tuatahi. Inaa, i tīmata tēnei tipu i ētahi tau ki muri, ā, i tere haere i te tau 2016. I roto i ētahi atu mea, e kitea ngāwari ana ko ngā kaupapa tāone atamai tētahi o ngā wāhanga matua o te IoT i roto i te mahi.
E ai ki te tātari i tētahi pūrongo i whakaputaina e IoT Analytics, he kamupene tātari IoT Tiamana, ko ngā kaupapa tāone atamai te tuarua o ngā kaupapa IoT nui rawa atu i runga i te wāhanga o ngā kaupapa IoT o te ao, whai muri i te umanga Ipurangi. Ā, i roto i ngā kaupapa tāone atamai, ko te tono rongonui ko te kawe waka atamai, ā, whai muri ko ngā ratonga atamai.
Hei tāone atamai "tūturu", me whai huarahi whakauru ngā tāone e hono ana i ngā kaupapa me te hono i te nuinga o ngā raraunga me ngā tūāpapa kia tutuki ai ngā painga katoa o tētahi tāone atamai. I roto i ētahi atu mea, ko ngā hangarau tuwhera me ngā tūāpapa raraunga tuwhera he mea nui ki te neke ki te taumata e whai ake nei.
E ai ki te IDC, ko ngā tūāpapa raraunga tuwhera i te tau 2018 te rohe e whai ake nei i roto i te kōrero hei tūāpapa IoT. Ahakoa ka tūtaki tēnei ki ētahi arai, ā, kāore he whakahuatanga motuhake mō ngā tāone atamai, e mārama ana ko te whanaketanga o aua tūāpapa raraunga tuwhera ka tino kitea i roto i te ao tāone atamai.
Kei roto i te IDC FutureScape: 2017 Global IoT Forecast te kōrero mō tēnei whanaketanga o ngā raraunga tuwhera, e ai ki te kamupene, tae atu ki te 40% o ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe me ā-rohe ka whakamahi i te IoT hei huri i ngā hanganga pēnei i ngā rama tiriti, ngā rori me ngā rama huarahi hei rawa, kaua hei nama, i te tau 2019.
He aha ngā āhuatanga tono mō te tāone atamai?
Kāore pea tātou e whakaaro wawe ki ngā kaupapa taiao atamai me ngā kaupapa whakatūpato waipuke atamai, engari kāore e taea te whakakore he mea nui ēnei i roto i ngā kaupapa tāone atamai. Hei tauira, ina whakahēngia te parahanga taiao o ngā tāone, koinei tētahi o ngā take matua mō te hanga kaupapa tāone atamai, nā te mea ka taea e ēnei te whakarato i ngā painga tere me te whai hua ki ngā tāngata whenua.
Ko ngā tauira rongonui o te tāone atamai ko te wāhi waka atamai, te whakahaere waka atamai, te rama tiriti atamai me te whakahaere para atamai. Heoi anō, ko ēnei tauira hoki e whakakotahi ana i te whai huatanga, te whakaoti rapanga tāone, te whakaiti i ngā utu, te whakapai ake i te oranga o ngā tāone nui, me te whakanoho i ngā tāngata ki mua mō ngā take maha.
Anei ētahi o ngā horopaki tono, ngā wāhanga rānei e pā ana ki ngā tāone atamai.
Ngā ratonga tūmatanui, pērā i ngā ratonga ā-iwi, ngā ratonga tūruhi, te kawe waka a te iwi, te tuakiri me te whakahaere, me ngā ratonga mōhiohio.
Te haumaru o te marea, i roto i ngā wāhanga pēnei i te rama atamai, te aroturuki taiao, te aroturuki rawa, te pirihimana, te tirotiro ataata me te urupare ohorere
Te oranga tonutanga, tae atu ki te aroturukitanga taiao, te whakahaere para atamai me te hangarua, te pūngao atamai, te ine atamai, te wai atamai, me ētahi atu.
Ngā hanganga, tae atu ki ngā hanganga atamai, te aroturukitanga hauora hanganga o ngā whare me ngā whakamaharatanga, ngā whare atamai, te whakamakuku atamai, me ētahi atu.
Te kawe waka: ngā rori atamai, te tiritiri waka hono, te wāhi waka atamai, te whakahaere waka atamai, te aroturuki i te haruru me te parahanga, me ētahi atu.
Kia nui ake te whakaurunga o ngā mahi me ngā ratonga o te tāone atamai ki ngā wāhanga pēnei i te hauora atamai, te mātauranga atamai, te kāwanatanga atamai, te whakamahere atamai, me ngā raraunga atamai/tuwhera, koinei ngā mea matua e āhei ai ngā tāone atamai.
Ehara i te mea he tāone atamai e ahu mai ana i te "Hangarau" anake
I a tātou e anga whakamua ana ki ngā tāone tino atamai, ka whanake tonu ngā kōwhiringa e pā ana ki te hononga, te whakawhitiwhiti raraunga, ngā tūāpapa IoT, me te maha atu.
Ina koa mō ngā whakamahinga maha pēnei i te whakahaere para atamai, te wāhi waka atamai rānei, he tino māmā, he iti hoki te utu o te hangarau IoT mō ngā tono tāone atamai o ēnei rā. He pai te kapinga ahokore o ngā taiao tāone mō ngā wāhanga neke, he kapua, he otinga me ngā hua pūwāhi kua hangaia mō ngā kaupapa tāone atamai, ā, he hononga whatunga rohe whānui iti-mana (LPWAN) i roto i ngā tāone maha huri noa i te ao e rawaka ana mō ngā tono maha.
Ahakoa he āhuatanga hangarau nui tēnei, he nui atu ngā āhuatanga o ngā tāone atamai i tua atu i tēnā. Tērā pea ka taea te kōrero mō te tikanga o te "atamai". He pono, i roto i te ao tino matatini me te whānui o ngā tāone atamai, ko te kaupapa matua ko te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā tāngata whenua me te whakaoti rapanga o te tangata, te hapori me ngā hapori tāone nui.
Arā, ko ngā tāone nui me ngā kaupapa tāone atamai angitu ehara i te whakaaturanga hangarau, engari ko ngā whāinga kua tutukihia i runga i te tirohanga whānui o te taiao hanga me ngā hiahia tangata (tae atu ki ngā hiahia wairua). I roto i te mahi, he rerekē ia whenua me ia ahurea, ahakoa he tino noa ngā hiahia taketake, ā, he nui ake ngā whāinga whakahaere me ngā whāinga pakihi.
Kei te ngako o tetahi mea e kiia nei he atamai i ēnei rā, ahakoa he whare atamai, he whatunga atamai, he tāone atamai rānei, ko te hononga me te raraunga, e whakahohea ana e ngā momo hangarau, ā, e whakamaoritia ana hei mātauranga e tautoko ana i te whakatau kaupapa. Heoi anō, ehara tēnei i te kī ko te hononga ko te Ipurangi o ngā Mea anake; he rite tonu te hiranga o ngā hapori me ngā tāngata whenua e hono ana.
I runga i ngā wero maha o te ao pēnei i te kaumātuatanga o ngā taupori me ngā take āhuarangi, tae atu ki ngā "akoranga i akohia" mai i te mate urutā, e mārama ana he mea nui ake i mua te tirotiro anō i te kaupapa o ngā tāone nui, inā koa he mea nui tonu te taha pāpori me te kounga o te oranga.
I roto i tētahi rangahau a Accenture e tirotiro ana i ngā ratonga tūmatanui e aro ana ki te tangata whenua, i tirotirohia ai te whakamahinga o ngā hangarau hou tae atu ki te Ipurangi o ngā Mea, i kitea ko te whakapai ake i te pai o te mahi a te tangata whenua kei te tihi o te rārangi. E ai ki te whakaaturanga o te whakaahua o te rangahau, he nui hoki te whakapai ake i te pai o ngā kaimahi (80%), ā, i te nuinga o te wā, ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā hangarau hono hou kua hua ake ai ngā hua tūturu.
He aha ngā wero ki te whakatutuki i tētahi tāone tino atamai?
Ahakoa kua pakari haere ngā kaupapa tāone atamai, ā, kei te whakatinanahia, kei te whakatinanahia hoki ētahi atu mea hou, e hia tau pea ka taea e tātou te kī he "tāone atamai" tētahi tāone.
Ko ngā tāone atamai o ēnei rā he tirohanga whānui ake, ehara i te huarahi rautaki whānui. Whakaarohia he nui ngā mahi hei mahi mā ngā mahi, ngā rawa me ngā hanganga kia tino mōhio ai koe ki tētahi tāone atamai, ā, ka taea te whakamaori i tēnei mahi hei putanga atamai. Heoi, he tino uaua te whakatutuki i tētahi tāone atamai tūturu nā ngā āhuatanga takitahi e whai wāhi ana.
I roto i tētahi tāone atamai, e hono ana ēnei wāhanga katoa, ā, ehara tēnei i te mea ka taea te whakatutuki i roto i te pō kotahi. He maha ngā take tawhito, pērā i ētahi mahi me ngā ture, e hiahiatia ana ngā pūkenga hou, he maha ngā hononga me hanga, ā, he nui ngā whakaritenga hei mahi i ngā taumata katoa (te whakahaere tāone, ngā ratonga tūmatanui, ngā ratonga kawe waka, te haumaru me te noho pūmau, ngā hanganga tūmatanui, ngā tari kāwanatanga ā-rohe me ngā kaimahi kirimana, ngā ratonga mātauranga, me ētahi atu).
Hei tāpiritanga, mai i te tirohanga hangarau me te rautaki, e mārama ana me arotahi anō hoki tātou ki te haumarutanga, ki ngā raraunga nui, ki te nekenekehanga, ki te kapua me ngā hangarau hononga maha, me ngā kaupapa e pā ana ki ngā mōhiohio. E mārama ana ko ngā mōhiohio, tae atu ki te whakahaere mōhiohio me ngā mahi raraunga, he mea nui ki te tāone atamai o ēnei rā me āpōpō.
Ko tētahi atu wero e kore e taea te wareware ko te waiaro me te hiahia o ngā tāngata whenua. Ā, ko te putea mō ngā kaupapa tāone atamai tētahi o ngā arai. I roto i tēnei tikanga, he mea pai kia kite i ngā kaupapa a te kāwanatanga, ahakoa ā-motu, ā-ao whānui rānei, e pā ana ki ngā tāone atamai, ki te taiao rānei, e tīmatahia ana rānei e ngā kaitākaro ahumahi, pērā i te Hōtaka Whakatere Pūtea Hanganga Tāone a Cisco.
Engari e mārama ana, kāore tēnei uauatanga e aukati ana i te tipu o ngā tāone atamai me ngā kaupapa tāone atamai. I a ngā tāone e whakapuaki ana i ō rātou wheako me te whakawhanake i ngā kaupapa atamai me ngā painga mārama, ka whai wāhi rātou ki te whakawhanake i ō rātou tohungatanga me te ako mai i ngā ngoikoretanga pea. Me te whai i tētahi mahere mahi e whakauru ana i ngā momo kaipupuri hea, ā, ka nui ake te whakawhānui ake i ngā āheinga o ngā kaupapa tāone atamai wā poto i roto i tētahi heke mai e whai hononga ana.
Tirohia he tirohanga whānui ake mō ngā tāone atamai
Ahakoa e hono tonu ana ngā tāone atamai ki te hangarau, he nui atu i tēnā te tirohanga mō tētahi tāone atamai. Ko tētahi o ngā mea nui o tētahi tāone atamai ko te whakamahi i ngā hangarau tika hei whakapai ake i te kounga whānui o te oranga i roto i tētahi tāone.
I te tipu haere o te taupori o te ao, me hanga he tāone hou, ā, me tipu tonu ngā tāone o nāianei. Ina whakamahia tika, he mea nui te hangarau hei whakatutuki i ēnei wero me te āwhina ki te whakaoti i ngā wero maha e pā ana ki ngā tāone o ēnei rā. Heoi, kia taea ai te waihanga i tētahi ao tāone atamai, me whānui ake te tirohanga.
He whānui ake te tirohanga a te nuinga o ngā tohunga ki ngā tāone atamai, e pā ana ki ngā whāinga me te hangarau, ā, ka kīia e ētahi he taupānga tāone atamai tētahi taupānga pūkoro i whakawhanakehia e tētahi rāngai.
1. He tirohanga tangata kei tua atu i te hangarau atamai: te whakapai ake i ngā tāone hei wāhi noho
Ahakoa te atamai o ā tātou hangarau atamai, me te mōhio hoki ki te whakamahi, me aro atu tātou ki ētahi o ngā āhuatanga matua – te tangata, mai i ngā tirohanga e rima, tae atu ki te haumaru me te whakawhirinaki, te whakaurunga me te whai wāhi, te hiahia ki te huri, te hiahia ki te mahi, te kotahitanga pāpori, me ētahi atu.
I mea atu a Jerry Hultin, te tumuaki o te Global Future Group, te tumuaki o te Smart City Expo World Congress Advisory Board, he tohunga hoki mō te tāone atamai, "He maha ngā mea ka taea e tātou te mahi, engari i te mutunga, me tīmata tātou ki a tātou anō."
Ko te kotahitanga pāpori te hanganga o te tāone e hiahia ana te tangata ki te noho, ki te aroha, ki te tipu, ki te ako me te manaaki, te hanganga o te ao tāone atamai. Hei kaupapa o ngā tāone, kei ngā tāngata te hiahia ki te whai wāhi, ki te huri, me te mahi. Engari i roto i te maha o ngā tāone, kāore rātou e rongo kei roto rātou, kāore hoki e tonoa kia whai wāhi, ā, he pono rawa tēnei i roto i ngā taupori motuhake me ngā whenua kei reira te arotahi nui ki te hangarau tāone atamai hei whakapai ake i te tinana ā-iwi, engari he iti ake te arotahi ki ngā tika tangata me te whai wāhi.
Heoi anō, ka taea e te hangarau te āwhina ki te whakapai ake i te haumarutanga, engari me pēhea te whakawhirinaki? Whai muri i ngā whakaekenga, i ngā ngangau tōrangapū, i ngā āhuatanga taiao, i ngā mahi whakahāwea tōrangapū, tae noa ki te koretake e puta mai ana i ngā huringa nui o te wā i roto i ngā tāone maha o te ao, he iti noa te tumanako ka tino heke te whakawhirinaki o te tangata ki ngā whakapainga o te tāone atamai.
Koia te mea nui kia mōhio ki te āhua motuhake o ia tāone me ia whenua; he mea nui kia whai whakaaro ki ngā tāngata takitahi; ā, he mea nui kia ako i ngā āhuatanga o roto i ngā hapori, ngā tāone me ngā rōpū tāngata me ā rātou taunekeneke ki te pūnaha rauropi e tipu haere ana me ngā hangarau hono i roto i ngā tāone atamai.
2. Te whakamāramatanga me te tirohanga whānui mō te tāone atamai mai i te tirohanga a te nekehanga
Kei te rerekē haere tonu te ariā, te moemoeā, te whakamāramatanga me te mooni o tētahi tāone atamai.
He mea pai kia kaua e waiho hei mea pumau te whakamāramatanga o te tāone atamai. Ko te tāone nui, me te wāhi tāone nui anō hoki, he rauropi me he pūnaha rauropi he oranga tōna ake, ā, he maha ngā wāhanga e neke ana, e ora ana, e hono tahi ana, ko te nuinga he tāngata whenua, he kaimahi, he manuhiri, he ākonga, me ērā atu.
Mēnā he whakamāramatanga whānui tō te "tāone atamai", kāore e aro ki te āhua hihiri, hurihuri, me te kanorau o tētahi tāone.
Ko te whakaiti i ngā tāone atamai ki ngā hangarau e whakatutuki ana i ngā hua mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu hono, ngā pūnaha, ngā whatunga mōhiohio, ā, i te mutunga, ngā māramatanga mai i ngā matauranga raraunga hono me te mahi ka taea te whakamahi, he huarahi tēnei hei tautuhi i tētahi tāone atamai. Engari kāore e aro ki ngā kaupapa matua o ngā tāone me ngā iwi, kāore e aro ki ngā āhuatanga ahurea, ā, ka whakanoho i te hangarau ki mua me te pokapū mō ngā whāinga maha.
Ahakoa e herea ana tātou ki te taumata hangarau, he ngāwari tonu te wareware i te meka kei te tere haere tonu te hangarau, me te puta mai o ngā āheinga hou, pērā i te puta mai o ngā wero hou i te taumata o ngā tāone me ngā hapori whānui. Ehara i te mea ko ngā hangarau anake e puta mai ana, engari ko ngā tirohanga me ngā waiaro o te tangata mō aua hangarau, pērā i te taumata o ngā tāone, ngā hapori me ngā iwi whānui.
Nā te mea ko ētahi hangarau he mea āwhina i ngā huarahi pai ake hei whakahaere i ngā tāone, hei mahi ki ngā tāngata whenua, hei whakarite hoki mō ngā wero o nāianei me ngā wero o muri mai. Ki ētahi atu, ko te huarahi e whai wāhi ai ngā tāngata whenua me te huarahi e whakahaeretia ai ngā tāone nui ka noho hei mea nui i te taumata hangarau.
Ahakoa ka piri tonu tātou ki te whakamāramatanga taketake o te tāone atamai i roto i ōna pūtake hangarau, kāore he take e kore ai e taea te huri, ā, ka huri tonu i te whanaketanga tonu o ngā tirohanga mō te tūranga me te mahi a te hangarau.
Heoi anō, ko ngā tāone me ngā hapori, me ngā tirohanga mō ngā tāone nui, ehara i te mea ka rerekē noa i ia rohe ki ia rohe, i ia wāhi ki ia wāhi, tae atu ki waenga i ngā rōpū taupori rerekē i roto i te tāone, engari ka whanake haere anō hoki i roto i te wā.
Wā tuku: Hui-tanguru-08-2023