Kupu Whakataki
I te tere haere o te whakamahi i te photovoltaic (PV), he nui ake ngā kaupapa e pāngia ana e tengā whakaritenga kaweake kore. He maha ngā wā ka āraia e ngā ratonga hiko te hiko nui o te rā kia kaua e hoki ki te whatunga hiko, inā koa i ngā wāhi kua kī tonu ngā whakawhiti hiko, te kore mārama o te mana pupuri o ngā mana hononga whatunga hiko, ngā ture kounga hiko pakari rānei. E whakamārama ana tēnei aratohu me pēhea te tāutamita hiko ārai-whakamuri (kore-kaweake), ngā otinga matua e wātea ana, me ngā whirihoranga tika mō ngā rahi me ngā tono o te pūnaha PV rerekē.
1. Ngā Whakaaro Matua i mua i te Tāutanga
Ngā horopaki whakahau mō te Kore-Kaweake
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Te mākū o te whakawhitiIna kei te mahi ngā whakawhiti hiko ā-rohe i te kaha nui, ka nui rawa te uta, ka hinga, ka pakaru rānei ngā taputapu i te mana whakamuri.
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Ko te kai-ā-koe anake (kāore e whakaaetia te kaweake whatunga)Me whakapau te pūngao katoa e whakaputaina ana i te rohe e ngā kaupapa kāore i whakaaetia te whāngai whatunga.
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Te tiakitanga kounga hiko: Tērā pea ka uru mai ngā wāhanga DC, ngā harmonics, ngā kawenga taurite kore rānei i te mana whakamuri, ka whakaheke i te kounga o te whatunga.
Rārangi Arowhai i mua i te Tāutanga
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Hototahitanga o te pūrereMe whakarite kia ōrite te kaha kua whakatauria o te mita ki te rahi o te pūnaha PV (wāhanga-kotahi ≤8kW, wāhanga-toru >8kW). Tirohia te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero inverter (RS485, rite rānei).
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TaiaoMō ngā whakaurunga o waho, whakaritea he ārai huarere. Mō ngā pūnaha maha-hurihuri, whakamaheretia he waea pahi RS485, he pūwhakakotahi raraunga Ethernet rānei.
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Te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga me te haumaruWhakaūtia te pūwāhi hononga whatunga ki te ratonga, ā, tirohia mēnā e ōrite ana te awhe kawenga ki te whakaputanga PV e tumanakohia ana.
2. Ngā Otinga Kaweake-Kore Matua
Otinga 1: Te Whakawhāiti Mana mā te Mana Hurihuri
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KaupapaKa ine te mita atamai i te ahunga o te iahiko i te wā tūturu. Ina kitea te rere whakamuri, ka whakawhitiwhiti kōrero te mita mā te RS485 (me ētahi atu tikanga rānei) ki te inverter, ka whakaiti i tōna mana whakaputa tae noa ki te kaweake = 0.
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Ngā tauira whakamahi: Ngā wāhi kua kī i te whakawhiti hiko, ngā kaupapa whakamahi-ake me ngā kawenga pumau.
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Ngā PaingaMāmā, iti te utu, tere te urupare, kāore e hiahiatia he rokiroki.
Otinga 2: Whakaurunga Mimi Utaina, Whakaurunga Rokiroki Pūngao rānei
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KaupapaKa aroturukihia e te mita te iahiko i te pūwāhi hononga whatunga. Engari i te whakawhāiti i te putanga inverter, ka hurihia te mana nui ki ngā pūnaha rokiroki, ki ngā kawenga putunga rānei (hei tauira, ngā whakamahana, ngā taputapu ahumahi).
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Ngā tauira whakamahiNgā kaupapa he tino rerekē ngā kawenga, he kaupapa matua rānei te whakanui ake i te whakaputanga hiko PV.
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Ngā PaingaKa noho tonu ngā inverters ki te aratau MPPT, kāore te pūngao e maumauria, ka nui ake te ROI o te pūnaha.
3. Ngā Horopaki Tāutanga mā te Rahi o te Pūnaha
Ngā Pūnaha Hurihuri-Kotahi (≤100 kW)
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Whirihoranga1 kaitahuri + 1 mita atamai ahunga-rua.
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Tūnga mitaI waenganui i te putanga AC inverter me te pakaru matua. Kaua e honoa ētahi atu kawenga ki waenganui.
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Te raupapa waea: Kaitahuri hiko PV → Ngā Whakawhiti Iahiko (mēnā e whakamahia ana) → Mita hiko atamai → Pakaru matua → Kawenga ā-rohe / Whatunga.
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ArorauKa ine te mita i te ahunga me te mana, kātahi ka whakatikatika te kaitahuri i te putanga kia rite ki te kawenga.
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PaingaHe māmā te hono waea, he iti te utu, he tere te urupare.
Ngā Pūnaha Maha-Whakawhiti (>100 kW)
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WhirihorangaHe maha ngā kaitahuri hiko + 1 mita hiko atamai + 1 pūwhakakotahi raraunga.
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Tūnga mitaI te pūwāhi hononga whatunga noa (ngā putanga katoa o te inverter i whakakotahihia).
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Waea: Ngā putanga hurihuri → Pae pahi → Mita ahunga-rua → Pūwhakakotahi raraunga → Kaiwawao matua → Whatunga/Kaumaha.
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ArorauKa kohia e te pūwhakakotahi raraunga ngā raraunga mita, ā, ka tohatoha ōwehenga i ngā whakahau ki ia kaitahuri.
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PaingaMana whakahaere pokapū, tautuhinga tawhā ngāwari.
4. Te Tāutanga i roto i ngā Momo Kaupapa Rerekē
Ngā Kaupapa Whaiaro Anake
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WhakaritengaKāore e whakaaetia te kaweake whatunga.
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Tūnga mitaI waenganui i te putanga AC hurihuri me te kaiwawao kawenga ā-rohe. Kāore he pana hononga whatunga e whakamahia ana.
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TirohiaWhakamātauria i raro i te whakaputanga katoa me te kore kawenga — me whakaiti te mana o te inverter ki te kore.
Ngā Kaupapa Whakamātotoru Whakawhiti
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WhakaritengaE whakaaetia ana te hononga whatunga hiko, engari e tino rāhuitia ana te whakamahi i te hiko whakamuri.
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Tūnga mita: I waenganui i te putanga whakawhiti me te kaiwawao hononga whatunga.
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ArorauMena ka kitea te mana whakamuri, ka whakawhāitihia e te inverter te putanga; hei tārua, ka momotu pea ngā pakaru hei karo i te ahotea o te transformer.
Ngā Kaupapa Kaweake Tuku Iho mō te Kohi-ā-Iwi + te Whatunga
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WhakaritengaE whakaaetia ana te kaweake, engari he iti noa iho.
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Tatūnga mitaKua tāutahia he mita ārai-whakamuri i roto i te raupapa me te mita utu ā-rua a te kamupene.
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ArorauKa ārai te mita ārai-whakamuri i te kaweake; mēnā ka rahua anake ka hopukina te whāngai mai e te mita ratonga.
5. Ngā Pātai Auau
P1: Ka aukatihia e te mita te rere whakamuri?
Kāo. Ka ine te mita i te ahunga hiko, ā, ka tukuna atu hoki te pūrongo. Ka whakahaerehia te mahi e te inverter, e te kaiwhakahaere rānei.
P2: Kia pēhea te tere o te urupare a te pūnaha?
I roto i te 1–2 hēkona te nuinga, i runga i te tere whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te pūmanawa inverter.
P3: He aha ngā mea ka tupu i te wā e rahua ana te whatunga?
Mā te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-rohe (RS485, mana whakahaere tika rānei) ka mau tonu te tiakitanga ahakoa kāore he ipurangi.
P4: Ka taea e ēnei mita te mahi i roto i ngā pūnaha wāhanga-wehe (120/240V)?
Āe, kua hangaia ētahi tauira hei whakahaere i ngā whirihoranga wāhanga-wehewehe e whakamahia ana i Amerika Te Raki.
Whakamutunga
Kei te noho hei mea whakahau te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga kore-kaweake i roto i te maha o ngā kaupapa PV. Mā te tāuta i ngā mita hiko atamai ārai-whakamuri ki te wāhi tika me te whakauru i aua mita ki ngā inverters, ki ngā kawenga putunga, ki te rokiroki rānei,Ngā EPC, ngā kaimahi kirimana, me ngā kaiwhakawhanakeka taea te tuku pūnaha pūngao rā pono, e tutuki ana i ngā ture. Ehara i te mea ko ēnei otinga anaketiaki i te whatungaengari anō hokiwhakanui i te whakapaunga-ā-koe me te ROImō ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-07-2025