He ataahua ngā moemoeā e kawea mai ana e ngā tāone atamai e hono tahi ana. I roto i ēnei tāone, ka honoa ngā mahi ā-iwi ahurei maha e ngā hangarau matihiko hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi me te mātauranga. E kiia ana i te tau 2050, ka noho te 70% o te taupori o te ao ki ngā tāone atamai, ka ora ai, ka harikoa ai, ka haumaru ai te ao. He mea nui, ka oati ia ka matomato, ko te kāri whakamutunga a te tangata ki te ārai i te whakangaromanga o te ao.
Engari he mahi uaua ngā tāone atamai. He utu nui ngā hangarau hou, he herenga ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe, ā, ka huri te ao tōrangapū ki ngā huringa pōti poto, ka uaua ai te whakatutuki i tētahi tauira whakatinanatanga hangarau pokapū tino whai hua, tino whai hua hoki i roto i te taha pūtea, e whakamahia anōtia ana i ngā tāone nui puta noa i te ao, i te motu whānui rānei. Inaa, ko te nuinga o ngā tāone atamai matua kei roto i ngā pane kōrero he kohinga noa iho o ngā whakamātautau hangarau rerekē me ngā kaupapa taha ā-rohe, ā, he iti noa iho ngā mea hei tumanako atu ki te whakawhānui ake.
Me titiro tātou ki ngā ipu para me ngā papa waka, he mea atamai ki ngā pūoko me ngā tātari; I roto i tēnei horopaki, he uaua ki te tatau me te whakataurite i te hokinga mai o te haumitanga (ROI), inā koa he wehewehe ngā tari kāwanatanga (i waenga i ngā tari tūmatanui me ngā ratonga tūmataiti, tae atu ki waenga i ngā tāone, ngā tāone nui, ngā rohe me ngā whenua). Tirohia te aroturukitanga kounga hau; Me pēhea te ngāwari o te tatau i te pānga o te hau ma ki ngā ratonga hauora i roto i te tāone? He mea arorau, he uaua ki te whakatinana i ngā tāone atamai, engari he uaua hoki ki te whakakore.
Heoi anō, kei te kitea he hihi o te māramatanga i roto i te kohu o te huringa matihiko. Mā te rama tiriti i roto i ngā ratonga ā-rohe katoa ka taea e ngā tāone te whiwhi mahi atamai me te whakakotahi i ngā tono maha mō te wā tuatahi. Tirohia ngā kaupapa rama tiriti atamai e whakatinanahia ana i San Diego i te US me Copenhagen i Denmark, ā, kei te piki haere te maha. Ka whakakotahihia e ēnei kaupapa ngā huinga pūoko me ngā waeine taputapu modular e mau ana ki ngā pou rama kia taea ai te whakahaere mamao i te rama tonu me te whakahaere i ētahi atu mahi, pēnei i ngā kaute waka, ngā aroturuki kounga hau, tae atu ki ngā pūoko pū.
Mai i te tihi o te pou rama, kua tīmata ngā tāone ki te aro ki te "noho pai" o te tāone i runga i te tiriti, tae atu ki te rere o ngā waka me te nekenekehanga, te haruru me te parahanga o te hau, me ngā whai wāhitanga pakihi hou. Ahakoa ngā pūoko waka, e tanumia ana i ngā papa waka i ngā wā o mua, ka taea te hono atu ki te hanganga rama i te utu iti me te whai hua. Ka taea te hono tere me te arotau i ngā tāone katoa me te kore e keri i ngā tiriti, e reti wāhi rānei, e whakaoti rapanga rorohiko matatini mō te noho hauora me ngā tiriti haumaru.
Ka whai hua tēnei nā te mea, i te nuinga o te wā, kāore ngā otinga rama atamai i te tatauhia i te tīmatanga me te peti ki ngā penapena mai i ngā otinga atamai. Engari, ko te whai huatanga o te huringa mamati o te tāone he hua tūpono o te whanaketanga o te rama i te wā kotahi.
Mā te penapena pūngao mai i te whakakapi i ngā pūangi rama kanapa ki ngā rama LED totoka, me ngā puna hiko e wātea ana me te whānuitanga o ngā hanganga rama, ka taea ai te whakatū i ngā tāone atamai.
Kāore i te tino tere te hurihanga o ngā rama LED, ā, kei te tino tere te puāwaitanga o te rama atamai. E ai ki a Northeast Group, he kaitātari hanganga atamai, tata ki te 90% o ngā rama tiriti 363 miriona o te ao ka whakamāramahia e ngā rama LED i te tau 2027. Ka whakahaerehia hoki e te hautoru o ēnei ngā tono atamai, he ia i tīmata i ētahi tau kua pahure. Kia whakaputaina rā anō he pūtea nui me ngā mahere, ko te rama tiriti te mea tino pai hei hanganga whatunga mō ngā hangarau matihiko maha i roto i ngā tāone atamai nui.
Penapenahia te utu LED
E ai ki ngā ture matua i whakatakotoria e ngā kaihanga rama me ngā pūoko, ka taea e te rama atamai te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere me te tiaki e pā ana ki ngā hanganga mā te 50 ki te 70 ōrau. Engari ko te nuinga o aua penapena (tata ki te 50 ōrau, he nui hei hanga rerekētanga) ka taea te whakatutuki mā te huri noa ki ngā pūangi LED e penapena ana i te pūngao. Ko te toenga o ngā penapena ka puta mai i te hono me te whakahaere i ngā rama me te tuku mōhiohio atamai mō te āhua o tā rātou mahi puta noa i te whatunga rama.
Mā ngā whakatikatika me ngā tirotiro ā-pokapū anake ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki. He maha ngā huarahi, ā, e tautoko ana tetahi i tetahi: te whakarite wā, te whakahaere ā-wā me te whakatikatika wā; te tātaritanga hapa me te whakaiti i te haerenga mai o ngā taraka tiaki. Ka piki ake te pānga me te rahi o te whatunga rama, ā, ka hoki anō ki te take ROI tuatahi. E ai ki te mākete ka taea e tēnei huarahi te utu i a ia anō i roto i te rima tau pea, ā, ka taea te utu i a ia anō i roto i te wā poto ake mā te whakauru i ngā ariā tāone atamai "ngawari ake", pērā i ērā me ngā pūoko waka, ngā aroturuki waka, te whakahaere kounga hau me ngā pūoko pū.
Ko Guidehouse Insights, he kaitātari mākete, e whai ana i ngā tāone neke atu i te 200 hei ine i te tere o te huringa; E ai ki a ia, e whā tekau o ngā tāone kei te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa rama atamai. Kei te piki haere ngā hoko o ngā pūnaha atamai. E tatau ana a ABI Research ka piki ake ngā moni whiwhi o te ao tekau ngā wā ki te $1.7 piriona i te tau 2026. Ko te "wā rama" o te Ao he pēnei; Ko ngā hanganga rama tiriti, e pā tata ana ki ngā mahi a te tangata, te huarahi whakamua hei tūāpapa mō ngā tāone atamai i roto i te horopaki whānui. Mai i te tau 2022, neke atu i te rua hautoru o ngā whakaurunga rama tiriti hou ka herea ki tētahi tūāpapa whakahaere pokapū hei whakauru i ngā raraunga mai i ngā pūoko tāone atamai maha, e ai ki a ABI.
I mea atu a Adarsh Krishnan, te kaitātari matua i ABI Research: "He maha atu ngā whai wāhitanga pakihi mō ngā kaihoko tāone atamai e whakamahi ana i ngā hanganga pou rama o te tāone mā te whakamahi i te hononga ahokore, ngā pūoko taiao me ngā kāmera atamai. Ko te wero ko te kimi i ngā tauira pakihi whai hua e whakatenatena ana i te hapori ki te whakamahi i ngā otinga maha-pūoko i te tauine nui i roto i te huarahi utu-pai."
Ehara i te mea ko te pātai me hono atu, engari me pēhea, me te nui o te hononga i te tuatahi. E ai ki a Krishnan, ko tētahi wāhanga o tēnei e pā ana ki ngā tauira pakihi, engari kei te rere kē te moni ki ngā tāone atamai mā te mahi tahi a ngā kamupene tūmataiti (PPP), e tango ana ngā kamupene tūmataiti i te mōrearea pūtea hei utu mō te angitu i roto i te pūtea whakangao. Ko ngā kirimana "hei-ratonga" e ahu mai ana i te ohaurunga ka horahia te haumitanga puta noa i ngā wā whakahoki moni, ā, i akiakihia ai hoki te mahi.
He rerekē, kei te honoa ngā rama tiriti i Ūropi ki ngā whatunga honikoma tuku iho (ko te tikanga he 2G tae atu ki te LTE (4G)) me te taputapu paerewa hou a HONEYCOMB Iot, LTE-M. Kei te tīmata hoki te whakamahi i te hangarau ultra-narrowband motuhake (UNB), me Zigbee, he momo iti o te Nihokikorangi Mana-iti, me ngā momo IEEE 802.15.4.
He aro nui tā te Bluetooth Technology Alliance (SIG) ki ngā tāone atamai. E matapaetia ana e te rōpū ka piki ake ngā tukunga o te Bluetooth iti-mana ki ngā tāone atamai kia rima ngā whakarea i roto i ngā tau e rima e whai ake nei, ki te 230 miriona ia tau. Ko te nuinga e hono ana ki te aroturuki rawa i ngā wāhi tūmatanui, pērā i ngā taunga rererangi, ngā papa tākaro, ngā hōhipera, ngā toa hokohoko me ngā whare taonga. Heoi anō, ko te Bluetooth iti-mana e aro ana ki ngā whatunga o waho. "Ka whakapai ake te otinga whakahaere rawa i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi tāone atamai, ā, ka āwhina ki te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere tāone," te kī a te Bluetooth Technology Alliance.
He Pai Ake te Whakakotahitanga o Ngā Tikanga e Rua!
He tautohetohe kei ia hangarau, heoi, ko ētahi kua whakatauhia i roto i te tautohetohe. Hei tauira, ka whakaarohia e UNB he here kaha ake mō ngā wātaka uta me te tuku, ka whakakorehia te tautoko whakarara mō ngā tono pūoko maha, mō ngā tono rānei pēnei i ngā kāmera e hiahia ana. He iti ake te utu o te hangarau tawhiti-poto, ā, he nui ake te kaha e tukuna ana mō te whakawhanake i ngā Tautuhinga rama hei tūāpapa. He mea nui, ka taea hoki e rātou te mahi tārua mēnā ka motuhia te tohu WAN, ā, ka whakaratohia he huarahi mō ngā tohunga hangarau ki te pānui tika i ngā pūoko mō te patuiro me te tātaritanga. Hei tauira, ka mahi tahi te Nihokikorangi iti-mana me te nuinga o ngā waea atamai kei te mākete.
Ahakoa ka taea e te whatunga matotoru ake te whakarei ake i te pakari, ka uaua haere tōna hoahoa, ā, ka nui ake te hiahia hiko ki ngā pūoko honohono. He raruraru anō hoki te whānuitanga tuku; he torutoru rau mita noa iho te whānui o te kapinga mā te whakamahi i te Zigbee me te Nihokikorangi Mana-Iti. Ahakoa he maha ngā hangarau tawhiti-poto e whakataetae ana, ā, he pai mō ngā pūoko whatunga-ā-tata, he whatunga kati ēnei e hiahia ana kia whakamahia ngā kēti hei tuku tohu ki te kapua.
I te mutunga, ka tāpirihia he hononga honikoma. Ko te ia o ngā kaihoko rama atamai ko te whakamahi i te hononga honikoma tohu-ki-kapua hei whakarato i te tawhiti o te kuwaha, i te taputapu pūoko rānei, mai i te 5 ki te 15 kiromita. Ka kawea mai e te hangarau honikoma he whānuitanga tuku nui me te māmā; ka whakaratohia hoki he whatunga kua oti te whakarite me te taumata haumarutanga teitei ake, e ai ki te hapori Hive.
I mea atu a Neill Young, te tumuaki o te Ipurangi o ngā Mea Vertical i te GSMA, he rōpū ahumahi e tohu ana i ngā kaiwhakahaere whatunga pūkoro: "Kei ngā kaiwhakahaere mahi… te kapi katoa o te rohe, nō reira kāore e hiahiatia he hanganga tāpiri hei hono i ngā taputapu rama me ngā pūoko o te tāone. I roto i te whānuitanga raihana, he haumaru me te pono te whatunga honikoma, ko te tikanga he pai rawa ngā āhuatanga o te kaiwhakahaere, ka taea te tautoko i te maha o ngā hiahia, he roa ake te ora o te pākahiko me te iti o te tiaki me te tawhiti tuku roa o ngā taputapu iti te utu."
O ngā hangarau hononga katoa e wātea ana, ko HONEYCOMB te mea ka kite i te tipu nui rawa atu i ngā tau e haere ake nei, e ai ki a ABI. Ko te ngangau mō ngā whatunga 5G me te whakataetae ki te manaaki i ngā hanganga 5G kua akiaki i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te hopu i te pou rama me te whakakī i ngā waeine honikoma iti i roto i ngā taiao tāone. I te United States, kei te whakamahi a Las Vegas me Sacramento i te LTE me te 5G, me ngā pūoko tāone atamai, ki ngā rama tiriti mā roto i ngā kaikawe AT&T me Verizon. Kua hurahia e Hong Kong tētahi mahere hei tāuta i te 400 pou rama e whakahohea ana e te 5G hei wāhanga o tana kaupapa tāone atamai.
Whakaurunga Pūmau o ngā Pūmārō
I tāpiri atu a Nielsen: "Kei te tuku a Nordic i ngā hua maha-aratau mō ngā tawhiti poto me ngā tawhiti roa, me tana nRF52840 SoC e tautoko ana i te Nihokikorangi iti-mana, te Bluetooth Mesh me te Zigbee, tae atu ki te Thread me ngā pūnaha 2.4ghz motuhake. Kei te tuku a Nordic's Honeycomb based nRF9160 SiP i te tautoko LTE-M me te NB-iot. Mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā hangarau e rua ka hua mai he painga mahi me te utu."
Mā te wehenga auau ka taea e ēnei pūnaha te noho tahi, ko te tuatahi ka rere i roto i te roopu 2.4ghz kore whakaaetanga, ā, ko te tuarua ka rere i ngā wāhi katoa kei reira te LTE. I ngā auau iti me ngā auau teitei, he tauwhitinga i waenga i te whānuitanga o te rohe me te kaha tuku nui ake. Engari i roto i ngā papaaho rama, ko te hangarau ahokore tawhiti-poto te tikanga e whakamahia ana hei hono i ngā pūoko, ka whakamahia te mana rorohiko taha mō te tirotiro me te tātari, ā, ka whakamahia te honeycomb iot hei tuku raraunga ki te kapua, me te whakahaere pūoko mō ngā taumata tiaki teitei ake.
Tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, kua tāpirihia motuhaketia ngā reo irirangi tawhiti-poto me tawhiti-roa, kāore i hangaia ki roto i te maramara silicon kotahi. I ētahi wā, ka wehea ngā wāhanga nā te mea he rerekē ngā hapa o te rama, te pūoko me te reo irirangi. Heoi, mā te whakauru i ngā reo irirangi takirua ki roto i te pūnaha kotahi ka hua ake he whakaurunga hangarau tata ake, ā, ka iti ake ngā utu hoko, he mea nui ēnei hei whakaaroaro mā ngā tāone atamai.
E whakaaro ana a Nordic kei te anga whakamua te mākete ki taua huarahi. Kua whakauruhia e te kamupene ngā hangarau hononga ahokore me te hononga honikoma IoT tawhiti-poto ki roto i ngā taputapu me ngā pūmanawa i te taumata kaiwhakawhanake kia taea ai e ngā kaihanga otinga te whakahaere i te takirua i te wā kotahi i roto i ngā tono whakamātautau. I hangaia te papa DK a Nordic mō te nRF9160 SiP mā ngā kaiwhakawhanake kia "whakahaerehia ā rātou tono Honeycomb iot"; kua whakaahuatia a Nordic Thingy:91 hei "kuaha kua oti te hanga" ka taea te whakamahi hei tūāpapa tauira kua oti te hanga, hei taunakitanga ariā rānei mō ngā hoahoa hua o mua.
Kei roto i ngā mea e rua he honikoma aratau-maha nRF9160 SiP me te SoC tawhiti-poto maha-kawa nRF52840. E ai ki a Nordic, he "marama" noa iho te tawhiti atu i te hokohoko mō ngā pūnaha whakauru e whakakotahi ana i ngā hangarau e rua mō ngā whakatinanatanga IoT arumoni.
I kī a Nordic Nielsen: "Kua whakatūria e te tūāpapa rama tāone atamai ēnei hangarau hononga katoa; kua tino mārama te mākete me pēhea te whakakotahi i a rātou, kua whakaratohia e mātou he otinga mō te poari whanaketanga o ngā kaihanga, hei whakamātautau i te āhua o tā rātou mahi tahi. He mea nui te whakakotahi i a rātou hei otinga pakihi, i roto noa i te wā poto."
Wā tuku: Maehe-29-2022