Ko te kaupapa ka kōrerohia e tātou i tēnei rā e pā ana ki ngā whare atamai.
Mō ngā whare atamai, kaua tetahi e mōhio ki ēnei mea. I te tīmatanga o tēnei rautau, i te wā i whānau tuatahitia ai te ariā o te Ipurangi o ngā Mea, ko te wāhi tono nui rawa atu ko te whare atamai.
I roto i ngā tau, me te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau matihiko, kua nui haere ngā taputapu atamai mō te kāinga kua hangaia. Nā ēnei taputapu kua nui te whakamarie ki te oranga whānau, ā, kua tāpiri atu hoki ki te ahuareka o te noho.
I roto i te wā, ka maha ngā taupānga kei runga i tō waea.
Āe, koinei te raruraru arai taiao kua roa e whakararu ana i te umanga kāinga atamai.
Ina hoki, ko te whanaketanga o te hangarau IoT he āhuatanga tonu o te wehewehenga. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga tono e rite ana ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā hangarau IoT. Ko ētahi e hiahia ana ki te whānui o te hononga, ko ētahi e hiahia ana ki te iti o te kaha e pau ana, ko ētahi e aro ana ki te pumau, ā, ko ētahi e tino āwangawanga ana mō te utu.
Nā tēnei kua ara ake te ranunga o te 2/3/4/5G, NB-IoT, eMTC, LoRa, SigFox, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread me ētahi atu hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matua.
Ko te kāinga atamai, he āhuatanga noa iho o te whatunga LAN, me ngā hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero poto pēnei i te Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread, me ētahi atu, i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā kāwai me ngā whakamahinga maha.
Heoi anō, i te mea ko ngā whare atamai e aro ana ki ngā kaiwhakamahi kore-tohunga, ka hangaia e ngā kaihanga ā rātou ake papaaho me ngā atanga UI, ka whakamahia hoki ngā kawa paparanga tono motuhake hei whakarite i te wheako kaiwhakamahi. Nā tēnei i ara ake ai te "pakanga rauropi" o nāianei.
Ehara i te mea ko ngā arai i waenga i ngā pūnaha rauropi anake i puta ai ngā raruraru mutunga kore mō ngā kaiwhakamahi, engari mō ngā kaihoko me ngā kaiwhakawhanake anō hoki - ko te whakarewatanga o te hua kotahi me whakawhanake mō ngā pūnaha rauropi rerekē, ka nui ake te pikinga o te kawenga mahi me ngā utu.
Nā te mea he aukati nui te raruraru o ngā arai taiao ki te whanaketanga roa o ngā whare atamai, kua tīmata te umanga ki te rapu otinga mō tēnei raruraru.
Te whānautanga o te kawa Matter
I te Hakihea 2019, i uru atu a Google rāua ko Apple ki te Zigbee Alliance, i uru atu hoki ki a Amazon me ngā kamupene neke atu i te 200 me ngā mano tini o ngā tohunga puta noa i te ao ki te whakatairanga i tētahi kawa paparanga tono hou, e mōhiotia ana ko te kawa Project CHIP (Connected Home over IP).
E kitea ana i te ingoa, ko te kaupapa matua o CHIP ko te hono i te kāinga i runga i ngā kawa IP. I whakarewahia tēnei kawa me te whāinga kia pai ake te hototahi o ngā taputapu, kia māmā ake te whakawhanaketanga hua, kia pai ake te wheako kaiwhakamahi, kia anga whakamua ai te umanga.
I muri i te whānautanga o te rōpū mahi CHIP, ko te mahere taketake ko te tuku i te paerewa i te tau 2020, ā, ko te whakarewatanga o te hua i te tau 2021. Heoi, nā ētahi take, kāore i tutuki tēnei mahere.
I te marama o Mei 2021, i hurihia te ingoa o te Zigbee Alliance ki CSA (Connectivity Standards Alliance). I taua wā anō, i whakaingoatia te ingoa o te kaupapa CHIP ki Matter (ko te tikanga "āhuatanga, huihuinga, mea" i te reo Hainamana).
I whakaingoatia anō te Alliance nā te mea he tokomaha ngā mema i whakaroa ki te whakauru atu ki a Zigbee, ā, i whakaingoatia anō a CHIP ki Matter, nā te mea pea i tino mōhiotia te kupu CHIP (ko tōna tikanga i te tīmatanga ko "chip"), ā, he tino ngāwari ki te pakaru.
I te marama o Oketopa 2022, i tukuna e te CSA te putanga 1.0 o te kawa paerewa Matter. I mua tata atu i tērā, i te 18 o Mei 2023, i tukuna anō hoki te putanga 1.1 o Matter.
E toru ngā taumata o ngā mema o te CSA Consortium: Kaiwhakaū, Kaiuru me te Kaiwhakamahi. Kei te taumata teitei rawa ngā kaiwhakaū, ko rātou te hunga tuatahi ki te whai wāhi ki te tuhi i te kawa, he mema hoki rātou nō te Poari Kaiwhakahaere o te Alliance, ā, ki tētahi taumata ka whai wāhi rātou ki te kaiārahi me ngā whakataunga a te Alliance.
I whai wāhi nui a Google rāua ko Apple, hei māngai mō ngā kaiwhakaū, ki ngā whakaritenga tuatahi o Matter.
I takoha a Google i te paparanga whatunga me te kawa tono o tana ake Kāinga Atamai, a Weave (he huinga tikanga manatoko paerewa me ngā whakahau mō te whakahaere i te taputapu), i takoha a Apple i te Haumarutanga HAP (mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mai i te pito ki te pito me te whakahaere i te whatunga ā-rohe, kia kaha ai te tūmataitinga me te haumarutanga).
E ai ki ngā raraunga hou i runga i te paetukutuku mana, i tīmatahia te rōpū CSA e te katoa o ngā kamupene e 29, me ngā kaiuru e 282, me ngā kaiwhāngai e 238.
Kei te kaha te kaweake a ngā kaitākaro ahumahi i ā rātou taonga hinengaro mō Matter mā te arataki a ngā kamupene nunui, ā, e whakapau kaha ana rātou ki te hanga i tētahi pūnaha rauropi nui, kotahi, e hono pai ana.
Te hoahoanga kawa o Matter
Whai muri i ēnei kōrero katoa, me pēhea rā te mārama ki te kawa Matter? He aha tōna hononga ki te Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Thread me Zigbee?
Kaua e tere rawa, me titiro tātou ki tētahi hoahoa:
Koinei te hoahoa o te hanganga kawa: Ko Wi-Fi, Miro, Nihokikorangi (BLE) me Ethernet ngā kawa matua (ngā paparanga hononga ā-tinana me ngā paparanga hononga raraunga); ko te paparanga whatunga kei runga, tae atu ki ngā kawa IP; ko te paparanga kawe kei runga, tae atu ki ngā kawa TCP me UDP; ā, ko te kawa Matter, e ai ki tā mātou i kōrero ake nei, he kawa paparanga tono.
Hei tāpiri atu ki ngā kawa matua, kei a Bluetooth me Zigbee anō hoki ngā paparanga whatunga, paparanga kawe me ngā paparanga tono motuhake.
Nō reira, he kawa motuhake a Matter me Zigbee me Bluetooth. I tēnei wā, ko ngā kawa matua anake e tautokona ana e Matter ko Wi-Fi, Thread me Ethernet (Ethernet).
Haunga te hoahoanga o te kawa, me mōhio tātou he tuwhera te rapunga whakaaro i hangaia ai te kawa Matter.
He kawa pūtake tuwhera tēnei ka taea te tiro, te whakamahi me te whakarerekē e te tangata katoa kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā hiahia o ngā tono rerekē, e āhei ai te whakatutuki i ngā painga hangarau o te māramatanga me te pono.
Ko te haumarutanga o te kawa Matter tētahi atu āhuatanga nui. E whakamahi ana i te hangarau whakamunatanga hou, ā, e tautoko ana i te whakamunatanga mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga kia kore ai e tahaetia, e raweketia rānei ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Te tauira whatunga a Matter
Muri iho, ka tirohia te whatunga tuturu o te Matū. Anō, ka whakaaturia tēnei e tētahi hoahoa:
E whakaatu ana te hoahoa, he kawa TCP/IP a Matter, nō reira ko Matter te mea e whakarōpūtia ana te TCP/IP.
Ka taea te hono tika i ngā taputapu Wi-Fi me Ethernet e tautoko ana i te kawa Matter ki tētahi pouara ahokore. Ka taea hoki te hono i ngā taputapu miro e tautoko ana i te kawa Matter ki ngā whatunga IP pērā i te Wi-Fi mā ngā Pouara Border.
Ka taea te hono i ngā taputapu kāore e tautoko i te kawa Matter, pērā i ngā taputapu Zigbee, Bluetooth rānei, ki tētahi taputapu momo piriti (Matter Bridge/Gateway) hei huri i te kawa, kātahi ka hono atu ki tētahi pouara ahokore.
Ngā whanaketanga ahumahi i roto i te Materi
He ia au o te hangarau kāinga atamai te ao matū. Nō reira, kua whānuitia te aro me te tautoko mai i tōna tīmatanga.
He tino hihiri te umanga mō ngā tūmanakohanga whanaketanga a Matter. E ai ki tētahi pūrongo hou nā te kamupene rangahau mākete ABI Research, neke atu i te 20 piriona ngā taputapu kāinga atamai e honoa ana ki te ahokore ka hokona puta noa i te ao mai i te tau 2022 ki te 2030, ā, he nui te wāhanga o ēnei momo taputapu ka tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a Matter.
I tēnei wā, e whakamahi ana a Matter i tētahi tikanga tiwhikete. Ka whakawhanakehia e ngā kaihanga ngā taputapu me paahitia te tukanga tiwhikete a te rōpū CSA kia whiwhi ai i te tiwhikete Matter, kia whakaaetia ai hoki te whakamahi i te tohu Matter.
E ai ki te CSA, ka pā te whakatakotoranga Matter ki te whānuitanga o ngā momo taputapu pēnei i ngā papa whakahaere, ngā raka tatau, ngā rama, ngā putanga hiko, ngā pana, ngā pūoko, ngā whakamahana pāmahana, ngā pā hau, ngā kaiwhakahaere āhuarangi, ngā arai me ngā taputapu pāpāho, e kapi ana i te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga i roto i te kāinga atamai.
Mō te taha ahumahi, kua maha ngā kaihanga o te ahumahi kua paahitia ā rātou hua e te tiwhikete Matter, ā, kei te haere mārire ki te mākete. E tautokona ana hoki a Matter e ngā kaihanga maramara me ngā kōwae.
Whakamutunga
Ko te mahi nui a te Matū hei kawa o runga, ko te wawahi i ngā arai i waenga i ngā taputapu me ngā rauropi rerekē. He rerekē ngā tirohanga a ia tangata mō te Matū, ko ētahi e kite ana i a ia hei kaiwhakaora, ko ētahi e kite ana i a ia hei mea kua oti kē te whakarite.
I tēnei wā, kei te tīmatanga tonu te putanga mai o te kawa Matter ki te mākete, ā, he iti noa iho te raru me ngā wero e pā ana ki a ia, pērā i te pikinga ake o ngā utu me te roa ake o te huringa whakahoutanga o ngā taputapu.
Ahakoa pēhea, ka puta he ohorere ki ngā tau hoha o ngā pūnaha hangarau kāinga atamai. Mena kei te whakawhāitihia e te pūnaha tawhito te whanaketanga o te hangarau, me te whakawhāiti hoki i te wheako kaiwhakamahi, me whai tātou i ngā hangarau pēnei i a Matter hei hiki ake i te mahi nui.
Kāore e taea te kī tika mēnā ka angitu a Matter, kāore rānei. Heoi, ko te moemoeā o te umanga kāinga atamai katoa, me te kawenga o ia kamupene me ngā kaimahi o te umanga, ko te whakamana i te hangarau matihiko ki te oranga kāinga, me te whakapai tonu i te wheako noho matihiko o ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Ko te tumanako ka pakaru wawe ngā here hangarau katoa e te whare atamai, ā, ka uru pono ki roto i ngā kāinga katoa.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-29-2023