1. Whakamāramatanga

Ko te Ipurangi o ngā Mea (IoT) te "Ipurangi e hono ana i ngā mea katoa", he toronga me te whānui o te Ipurangi. Ka whakakotahi i ngā taputapu pūoko mōhiohio me te whatunga hei hanga i tētahi whatunga nui, e tutuki ai te hononga o te tangata, ngā mīhini me ngā mea i ngā wā katoa, i ngā wāhi katoa.

He wāhanga nui te Ipurangi o ngā Mea o te whakatupuranga hou o te hangarau mōhiohio. Ka kiia hoki te umanga hangarau mōhiohio ko te paninterconnection, arā, ko te hono i ngā mea me ngā mea katoa. Nō reira, "Ko te Ipurangi o ngā Mea ko te Ipurangi o ngā Mea e hono ana". E rua ngā tikanga o tēnei: ​​tuatahi, ko te uho me te turanga o te Ipurangi o ngā Mea ko te Ipurangi tonu, he whatunga whānui me te whānui i runga i te Ipurangi. Tuarua, ko tōna taha kiritaki ka toro atu, ka toro atu ki tētahi tūemi i waenga i ngā tūemi mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Nō reira, ko te whakamāramatanga o te Ipurangi o ngā Mea mā te tautuhi auau reo irirangi, ngā pūoko infrared, te pūnaha tūnga ao (GPS), pērā i te taputapu tirotiro mōhiohio matawai taiaho, e ai ki te kirimana kirimana, ki tētahi tūemi e hono ana ki te Ipurangi, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, kia tutuki ai te tautuhi atamai, te tauwāhi, te aroturuki me te aroturuki me te whakahaere i tētahi whatunga.

2. Hangarau Matua

2.1 Te Tāutuhi Auautanga Reo Irirangi

He pūnaha ahokore māmā te RFID, he mea hanga mai i tētahi kaiuiui (he kaipānui rānei) me ētahi transponder (he tohu rānei). He mea hanga ngā tohu mai i ngā wāhanga honohono me ngā maramara. He waehere hiko motuhake kei ia tohu o ngā whakaurunga whānui, e piri ana ki te mea hei tautuhi i te mea e whaia ana. Ka tukuna ngā mōhiohio auau reo irirangi ki te kaipānui mā te pūihi, ā, ko te kaipānui te taputapu e pānui ana i ngā mōhiohio. Mā te hangarau RFID ka taea e ngā mea te "kōrero". Mā tēnei ka taea e te Ipurangi o ngā Mea te whai i tētahi āhuatanga aroturuki. Ko te tikanga ka taea e te tangata te mōhio ki te wāhi tika o ngā mea me ō rātou taiao i ngā wā katoa. E ai ki ngā kaitātari hokohoko i Sanford C. Bernstein, ka taea e tēnei āhuatanga o te Ipurangi o ngā Mea RFID te penapena i te $8.35 piriona i te tau ki Wal-Mart, ko te nuinga o tēnei i roto i ngā utu mahi e puta mai ana i te kore e tirotirohia ā-ringa ngā waehere e tae mai ana. Kua āwhina te RFID i te umanga hokohoko ki te whakaoti i ngā raruraru nui e rua: te korenga o ngā taonga me te moumou (ngā hua i ngaro i te tahae me te whakararuraru i ngā mekameka tuku). Tata ki te $2 piriona te ngaronga o Wal-mart i te tau i runga i te tahae anake.

2.2 Ngā Pūnaha Moroiti – Hiko – Mīhini

Ko te MEMS he whakarāpopototanga mō ngā Pūnaha Hiko-Mīhini Moroiti. He pūnaha taputapu moroiti whakauru tēnei e titoa ana i te pūoko moroiti, te kaiwhakaoho moroiti, te tukatuka tohu me te ara iahiko whakahaere, te atanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te pūtake hiko. Ko tana whāinga he whakauru i te kohikohi, te tukatuka me te whakahaere i ngā mōhiohio ki roto i tētahi pūnaha moroiti maha-mahi, e whakaurua ana ki roto i tētahi pūnaha tauine nui, kia tino whakapai ake ai i te taumata o te aunoatanga, te mōhiotanga me te pono o te pūnaha. He pūoko whānui ake. Nā te mea ka hoatu e te MEMS he oranga hou ki ngā mea noa, he hongere tuku raraunga, he mahi rokiroki, he pūnaha whakahaere me ngā tono motuhake ā rātou ake, ā, ka hangaia he whatunga pūoko whānui. Mā tēnei ka taea e te Ipurangi o ngā Mea te aroturuki me te tiaki i ngā tāngata mā roto i ngā mea. Mēnā he taraiwa haurangi, mēnā kua whakauruhia he pūoko iti ki te motuka me te kī whakakā, kia taea ai e te taraiwa haurangi te kite i te haunga waipiro i te wā e tangohia ai e te pūoko kakara te kī, ka whakamōhio tonu te tohu ahokore ki te motuka "kati te tīmata", ka noho te motuka i roto i te āhua okioki. I taua wā anō, i "whakahau" ia i te waea pūkoro a te taraiwa kia tukuna he karere kuputuhi ki ōna hoa me ōna whanaunga, me te whakamōhio atu ki a rātou te wāhi kei reira te taraiwa, me te whakamahara atu kia tere tonu te whakatika. Koinei te hua o te noho hei "mea" i roto i te ao Ipurangi o ngā Mea.

2.3 Mīhini-ki-te-Mīhini/Tangata

Ko te M2M, he whakarāpopototanga mō te mīhini-ki-mīhini /Man, he tono me he ratonga whatunga me te taunekeneke atamai o ngā pito mīhini hei matua. Mā tēnei ka taea e te mea te whakahaere atamai. E rima ngā wāhanga hangarau nui o te hangarau M2M: te mīhini, te taputapu M2M, te whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te pūmanawa waenga me te tono. I runga i te tūāpapa rorohiko kapua me te whatunga atamai, ka taea te whakatau i runga i ngā raraunga i whiwhihia e te whatunga pūoko, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē i te whanonga o ngā mea hei whakahaere me te urupare. Hei tauira, ko ngā kaumātua i te kāinga e mau ana i ngā mataaratanga kua whakauruhia ki ngā pūoko atamai, ka taea e ngā tamariki i ētahi atu wāhi te tirotiro i te toto toto o ō rātou mātua, ka pumau te ngakau i ngā wā katoa mā roto i ngā waea pūkoro; Ina kei te mahi te rangatira, ka kati aunoa te pūoko i te wai, te hiko me ngā tatau me ngā matapihi, ka tuku karere ki te waea pūkoro a te rangatira i ia wā hei ripoata i te āhuatanga haumaru.

2.4 Te Rorohiko Ka Taea

Ko te whāinga o te rorohiko kapua he whakauru i ētahi hinonga rorohiko iti te utu ki roto i tētahi pūnaha tino pai me te kaha rorohiko kaha mā te whatunga, me te whakamahi i ngā tauira pakihi matatau kia taea ai e ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga te whiwhi i ēnei ratonga kaha rorohiko kaha. Ko tētahi o ngā ariā matua o te rorohiko kapua ko te whakapai tonu i te kaha tukatuka o te "kapua", te whakaiti i te taumaha tukatuka o te pūwhakamahi, ā, hei whakamutunga, he ngāwari ake hei taputapu whakauru me te whakaputa ngāwari, me te pārekareka ki te kaha rorohiko me te tukatuka kaha o te "kapua" i runga i te tono. Ka whiwhi te paparanga mōhiotanga o te Ipurangi o ngā Mea i te nui o ngā mōhiohio raraunga, ā, i muri i te tukunga mā te paparanga whatunga, ka whakanohoia ki runga i tētahi tūāpapa paerewa, kātahi ka whakamahi i te rorohiko kapua mahi-teitei hei tukatuka me te hoatu i ēnei mōhiohio raraunga, kia huri ai hei mōhiohio whai hua mō ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga.

3. Tono

3.1 Kāinga Atamai

Ko te kāinga atamai te tono taketake o te IoT i roto i te kāinga. Nā te rongonui o ngā ratonga whānui, ka uru ngā hua kāinga atamai ki ngā āhuatanga katoa. Kāore he tangata i te kāinga, ka taea te whakamahi i te waea pūkoro me ētahi atu hua kiritaki e whakahaere mamao ana i te hauhautanga atamai, te whakarite i te pāmahana rūma, tae atu ki te ako i ngā tikanga a te kaiwhakamahi, kia tutuki ai te whakahaere aunoa i te pāmahana, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te hoki ki te kāinga i te raumati wera ki te pārekareka ki te whakamarie o te hauhautanga; mā te kiritaki ka taea te whakamahi i te whakawhiti o ngā pūangi atamai, te whakahaere i te kanapa me te tae o ngā pūangi, me ētahi atu; He hononga Wifi kua hangaia ki roto, ka taea te whakamahi i te wā o te hononga mana mamao ki runga, ki raro rānei, tae atu ki te aroturuki i te whakapaunga hiko o ngā taputapu, te whakaputa tūtohi hiko kia mārama ai koe ki te whakapaunga hiko, te whakarite i te whakamahinga rauemi me te tahua; He tauine atamai hei aroturuki i ngā hua whakangungu. He mea nui ngā kāmera atamai, ngā pūoko matapihi/tatau, ngā pere tatau atamai, ngā pūoko paoa, ngā whakaoho atamai me ētahi atu taputapu aroturuki haumarutanga mō ngā whānau. Ka taea e koe te haere ki waho i te wā tika ki te tirotiro i te āhuatanga o tetahi kokonga o te kāinga i ngā wā katoa me ngā wāhi katoa, me ngā tūponotanga haumarutanga. Kua marino ake, kua ataahua ake te oranga o te whare nā te IoT.

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3.2 Te Kawenga Atamai

Kua tino pakari te whakamahinga o te hangarau Ipurangi o ngā Mea i roto i ngā waka rori. Nā te pikinga ake o te rongonui o ngā waka pāpori, kua noho te pūngao o ngā waka, tae noa ki te pararutiki hei raruraru nui i roto i ngā tāone nui. Mā te aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga o ngā waka rori me te tuku mōhiohio ki ngā taraiwa i te wā tika, kia taea ai e ngā taraiwa te whakarerekē i te haere i te wā tika, kia māmā ake ai te pēhanga o ngā waka; Kua whakatūria he pūnaha utu aunoa mō te rori (ETC) ki ngā whakawhiti huarahi, e penapena ana i te wā ki te tiki me te whakahoki i te kāri i te tomokanga me te putanga, ā, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ngā waka. Ka taea e te pūnaha tūnga i runga i te pahi te mārama wawe ki te huarahi pahi me te wā taenga mai, ā, ka taea e ngā pāhihi te whakatau ki te haere i runga i te huarahi, kia kore ai e moumou taima koretake. Nā te pikinga ake o ngā waka pāpori, hei tāpiri atu ki te pēhanga o ngā waka, kei te noho hei raruraru nui hoki te wāhi waka. He maha ngā tāone kua whakarewa i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere wāhi waka atamai i te taha o te rori, e ahu mai ana i te tūāpapa rorohiko kapua, ā, e whakakotahi ana i te hangarau Ipurangi o ngā Mea me te hangarau utu pūkoro hei tohatoha rauemi wāhi waka me te whakapai ake i te tere whakamahi wāhi waka me te whai huatanga o te kaiwhakamahi. Ka taea e te pūnaha te hototahi ki te aratau waea pūkoro me te aratau tautuhi auau IRIHIROI. Mā te pūmanawa taupānga pūkoro, ka taea te mārama wawe ki ngā mōhiohio waka me te tūranga waka, te whakarite pukapuka i mua, me te whakahaere i ngā utu me ētahi atu mahi, e whakaoti ana i te raruraru o te "waka uaua, waka uaua".

3.3 Te Haumarutanga ā-Iwi

I ngā tau tata nei, he maha ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te āhuarangi o te ao, ā, kei te piki haere tonu te ohorere me te kino o ngā āhuatanga kino. Ka taea e te Ipurangi te aroturuki i te kore haumaru o te taiao i te wā tūturu, te ārai i mua, te tuku whakatūpato wawe i te wā tūturu, me te mahi i ngā mahi i te wā tika hei whakaiti i te riri o ngā āhuatanga kino ki te oranga tangata me ngā taonga. I te tau 2013, i whakaarohia e te Whare Wānanga o Buffalo te kaupapa Ipurangi moana hohonu, e whakamahi ana i ngā pūoko kua tukatukahia motuhake kua whakanohoia ki roto i te moana hohonu hei tātari i ngā āhuatanga o raro i te wai, hei ārai i te parahanga o te moana, hei kimi i ngā rauemi o te papa moana, tae atu ki te whakarato i ngā whakatūpato pono ake mō ngā tsunami. I whakamatautauria angitu te kaupapa i roto i tētahi roto o te rohe, hei pūtake mō te whakawhānui ake. Ka taea e te hangarau Ipurangi o ngā Mea te kite mohio i ngā raraunga taupū o te hau, te oneone, te ngahere, ngā rauemi wai me ētahi atu āhuatanga, he mea nui tēnei ki te whakapai ake i te taiao noho tangata.